European Mycotoxin Regulations
AFLATOXINS B1, B2, G1, G2, M1
Selected Molds That Produce Toxins
Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
Foods Susceptible to Contamination
Maize, groundnuts, nuts, cottonseed, copra, spices, milk, wheat, oats, barley, and rice
Health Effects
- Liver cancer and damage
- Immunosuppression
- Decreased milk and egg production
Maximum Allowable/ Recommended Units
- Total aflatoxins: 4 ppb (processed cereals, groundnuts) B1: 2 ppb
- B1: 20 ppb (animal feed)
- B1: 0.25 (baby food/cereal)
- M1: 0.05 ppb (milk)
VICAM Tests/ Testing Ranges
- Afla B (B1 and B2)
- 1-50 (Fluorometer) 0.1-50 ppb (HPLC)
- AflaCheck
- 10 and 20 ppb cutoffs
- AflaM1 FL+
- 12.5-200 ppt
- AflaM1 HPLC
- 0.01-3 ppb
- AflaTest
- 0.1-300 ppb (Fluorometer)/ 0.05-100 ppb (HPLC)
- AflaTest WB
- 0.03 (B1)-400 ppb
- AflaTest WB SR
- 0.005-500 ppb
- AflaOchra HPLC
- 0.25 -100 ppb (aflatoxins)
- AOZ HPLC
- 0.1-100 ppb (aflatoxins)
- Myco6in1
CITRININ
Selected Molds That Produce Toxins
Some species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus
Foods Susceptible to Contamination
Rice, wheat, flour, barley, maize, rye, oats, ground nuts, fruit and red rice
Health Effects
- Causes kidney and liver damage in livestock
- Suspected of causing kidney and liver damage in humans
Maximum Allowable/ Recommended Units
VICAM Tests/ Testing Ranges
- CitriTest HPLC
- 10-500 ppb
DEOXYNIVALENOL
Selected Molds That Produce Toxins
Fusarium graminearum
Foods Susceptible to Contamination
Maize, wheat, barley, malted barley, and oats
Health Effects
- Damage to digestive tract, bone marrow, spleen, reproductive organs
- Weight loss, vomiting, and feed refusal
Maximum Allowable/ Recommended Units
- 1,750 ppb (raw durum wheat, oats and unprocessed maize)
- 200 ppb (processed cereal based foods for infants and young children)
- 750 ppb (cereals intended for direct human consumption)
VICAM Tests/ Testing Ranges
- DONCheck™
- 1 ppm
- DONtest™ HPLC
- 0.1–5 ppm
- DONtest™ WB
- 0.04–5 ppm
- Myco6in1™
FUMONISINS B1, B2, B3
Selected Molds That Produce Toxins
Fusarium verticillioides
Foods Susceptible to Contamination
Maize and other cereal grains
Health Effects
- Cancer in rats
- Brain decay in horses
- Lung congestion in pigs
Maximum Allowable/ Recommended Units
- 800 ppb (maize based breakfast cereals and snacks)
- 200 ppb (processed maize based foods for infants and young children)
- 4,000 ppb (unprocessed maize not intended for wet milling)
- 1,000 ppb (maize grits/flour/ meal and refined maize semolina
VICAM Tests/ Testing Ranges
- FumoniTest™
- 0.25–10 ppm (Fluorometer)/ 0.016–10 ppm (HPLC)
- FumoniTest 200™
- 0.5–5.0 ppm
- FumoniTest™ WB
- 0.016–10 ppm (Total for B1, B2, and B3)
- Myco6in1™
OCHRATOXIN A
Selected Molds That Produce Toxins
Aspergillus ochraceus Penicillium verrucosum
Foods Susceptible to Contamination
Maize, wheat, barley, beer, oats, sorghum, dried vine fruits, wine, coffee, and cocoa
Health Effects
- Kidney damage and cancer
- Immunosuppression
Maximum Allowable/ Recommended Units
- 5 ppb (roasted coffee)
- 10 ppb (soluble coffee)
- 3 ppb (processed cereals and cereal products)
- 0.5 ppb (baby food)
- 2 ppb (wine)
VICAM Tests/ Testing Ranges
- OchraTest™
- 0.47–100 ppb (Fluorometer)/ 0.25–100 ppb (HPLC)
- OchraTest™ WB
- 0.25–300 ppb
- AflaOchra™ HPLC
- 0.25–100 ppb (ochratoxin A)
- AOZ™ HPLC
- 0.25–100 ppb (ochratoxin A)
- Myco6in1™
T-2/HT-2
Selected Molds That Produce Toxins
Fusarium and other mold species
Foods Susceptible to Contamination
Maize, wheat, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, and other cereal grains
Health Effects
- Skin and oral lesions in livestock and humans
- Alimentary toxic aleukia in humans
- Considered 10x more toxic than DON
Maximum Allowable/ Recommended Units
VICAM Tests/ Testing Ranges
- T-2test™ HPLC
- 0.05–1.5 ppm
- T-2/HT-2™ HPLC
- 0.2–4 ppm
- Myco6in1™
ZEARALENONE
Selected Molds That Produce Toxins
Fusarium graminearum
Foods Susceptible to Contamination
Maize, wheat, barley, grain, and sorghum
Health Effects
- Negatively impacts reproduction, fetal development, and the health of newborns
- Causes feminization in animals at 1 ppm
Maximum Allowable/ Recommended Units
- 50 ppb (bread and pastries)
- 75 ppb (cereal/ flour other than maize)
- 20 ppb (cereal based food for children)
- 100 ppb (maize intended for direct human consumption)
- 400 ppb (refined maize oil)
- 350 ppb (maize not intended for wet milling)
VICAM Tests/ Testing Ranges
- ZearalaTest™
- 0.1–5 ppm (Fluorometer)/ 0.01–50 ppm (HPLC)
- ZearalaTest™ WB
- 0.002–50 ppm
- AOZ™ HPLC
- 5–1,000 ppb (zearalenone)
- Myco6in1™